摘要
本文通过一系列试验,说明了构成LED的主要材料之一
- 环氧树脂对LED性能的影响,从而为LED制造过程
如何合理选取材料提供了依据。
关键词: 环氧树脂 可靠性 光输出效果
光选择性
中国分类号: 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-7032(2002)01-0000-00
1 引言
当前,由于芯片制造技术的不断进步,LED在各个领域得到越来越广泛地应用。同时,各种应用场合也对LED的性能提出了越来越高的要求,如使用回流炉工艺的整机厂要求LED有很好的耐热性能,应用于室外场合时则要求LED有尽可能高的光输出效率
和光稳定性,用做光敏器件封装材料时,则要求环氧树脂具有好的光选择性等等。实
践证明,决定LED的性能除了芯片本身的质量等因素外,环氧树脂的选择也是一个重
要因素。因此,LED封装过程必须根据不同使用场合,选取不同树脂,才能确保产品最大限度地满足使用要求。
2 试验
2.1 环氧树脂对LED可靠性的影响
2.1.1 样品制造
选取02、12、14三种不同环氧树脂(芯片等其他材料相同),分别封装成φ3透明型LED,其中一半第二种线点用银浆加固;
2.1.2 耐焊接热试验
试验方法:每种制品取30只,分成3组,依次放入300℃小锡炉中浸渍10秒钟,取出后即时点亮,不亮、不稳定及冷却后才能点亮为不合格,共进行三个循环。
试验结果见表1
表1 耐焊接热试验结果(Table
1 Heat-resistant Test Result)
|
循环次数/失效数/种类
|
第二种线点有银浆加固
|
第二种线点无银浆加固
|
02树脂
|
12树脂
|
14树脂
|
02树脂
|
12树脂
|
14树脂
|
1
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
2
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
1/30
|
0/30
|
3
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
0/30
|
2/30
|
0/30
|
由上表可见,第二种线点无银浆加固时,用12树脂封装的制品在第二循环以后出现
失效。
2.1.3 基板试验
试验方法:
收稿日期: 2001-09-17
修订日期:2001-10-30
作者简介: 李绪锋 (1957-), 男,
广东普宁人。高级工程师,佛山市光电器材公司工程技术开发中心副主任,主要从事
半导体发光器件的开发工作。
(1)取打有小孔的PCB板两块,孔距分别为3.3mm和1.75mm
;
(2)每种制品取100只,分成两组,分别插入两块PCB板中,其中50只引脚被拉宽,50只引脚被收窄;
(3)将两块PCB板放入170℃烘箱中,停留时间10分钟,取出后即时点亮,不亮、不稳定及冷却后才能点亮为不合格。
试验结果见表2:
表2 基板试验结果(Table
2 PCB test result)
|
试验方法/失效数/种类
|
第二种线点有银浆加固
|
第二种线点无银浆加固
|
02树脂
|
2树脂
|
1 14树脂
|
02树脂
|
12树脂
|
14树脂
|
拉宽
|
0/50
|
1/30
|
0/50
|
1/50
|
7/50
|
0/50
|
收窄
|
1/50
|
4/50
|
0/50
|
3/50
|
11/50
|
1/50
|
由表2数据可见:只有采用14型树脂,并对第二种线点用银浆加固,才能顺利通过基板试验,经反复试验,证实了这一结论的正确性。
由耐焊接热试验和基板试验结果可见:从提高制品可靠性的角度考虑,14树脂是最理想的选择。
2.2 环氧树脂对光输出效果的影响
2.2.1 样品制作
选取02、12、14三种不同环氧树脂(芯片等其他材料相同),分别封装成φ5
无色透明型红外发射管各20只;
2.2.2 光功率测量
使用SR-300测试机,对样品进行光功率测量,结果见表3:
表3
红外发射管光功率测量结果(Table 3 IR LED
power test result)
|
No/光功率(mw)/种类
|
02树脂
|
12树脂
|
14树脂
|
|
No/光功率(mw)/种类
|
02树脂
|
12树脂
|
14树脂
|
1
|
15.7
|
18.8
|
18.1
|
12
|
15.1
|
19.0
|
18.9
|
2
|
14.9
|
19.9
|
17.8
|
13
|
15.4
|
18.9
|
16.5
|
3
|
11.0
|
19.9
|
18.3
|
14
|
14.4
|
18.2
|
17.1
|
4
|
14.6
|
19.5
|
18.0
|
15
|
15.0
|
19.6
|
19.1
|
5
|
12.9
|
19.9
|
18.0
|
16
|
13.0
|
19.8
|
18.2
|
6
|
14.1
|
19.9
|
17.6
|
17
|
14.9
|
18.3
|
16.6
|
7
|
14.8
|
19.3
|
17.1
|
18
|
14.6
|
19.5
|
17.6
|
8
|
14.5
|
19.4
|
16.9
|
19
|
12.9
|
19.8
|
17.1
|
9
|
14.5
|
19.2
|
17.8
|
20
|
15.5
|
18.6
|
17.5
|
10
|
13.5
|
19.8
|
19.2
|
AVE
|
14.3
|
19.3
|
17.7
|
11
|
14.9
|
18.7
|
17.1
|
|
|
|
|
由表3数据可见:从提高光输出效率的角度考虑,12型树脂是最理想的选择。
2.2.3 低温通电试验
实践证明:环氧树脂的性能不仅影响光输出效率,而且影响光输出的稳定性,采用低温通电试验方法,可以加速光的劣化,从而评价制品光输出的稳定性。试验条件是:温度:-30℃,电流:100mA/只,时间:22小时。试验前光功率/试验后光功率>80%
为合格。试验数据见表4:
表4
红外发射管低温通电试验数据|
Table 4 IR LED Test Date ( Electrified in low
temperrature )
|
№
|
02树脂
|
12树脂
|
14树脂
|
试验前(mw)
|
试验后(mw)
|
比值(%)
|
试验前(mw)
|
试验后( mw)
|
比值 (%)
|
试验前(mw)
|
试验后(mw)
|
比值(%)
|
1
|
15.5
|
6.4
|
41
|
18.8
|
18.8
|
100
|
18.1
|
7.4
|
41
|
2
|
14.9
|
7.2
|
48
|
19.9
|
21.1
|
106
|
17.8
|
7.7
|
43
|
3
|
11.0
|
7.8
|
71
|
19.9
|
19.5
|
98
|
18.3
|
15.6 |
85
|
4
|
14.6
|
7.0
|
48
|
19.5
|
20.5
|
105
|
18.0
|
17.6
|
98
|
5
|
12.9
|
5.9
|
46
|
19.9
|
18.7
|
94
|
18.0
|
16.6
|
92
|
6
|
14.1
|
5.9
|
42
|
19.9
|
20.7
|
104
|
17.6
|
17.2
|
98
|
7
|
14.8
|
4.7
|
32
|
19.3
|
17.6
|
91
|
17.1
|
15.7
|
92
|
8
|
14.5
|
14.2
|
98
|
19.4
|
19.0
|
98
|
16.9
|
16.6
|
98
|
9
|
14.5
|
7.5
|
52
|
19.2
|
18.8
|
98
|
17.8
|
6.2
|
35
|
10
|
13.5
|
4.3
|
32
|
19.8
|
19.2
|
97
|
19.2
|
11.1
|
58
|
11
|
14.9
|
10.7
|
72
|
18.7
|
17.6
|
94
|
17.1
|
16.9
|
99
|
12
|
15.1
|
10.4
|
69
|
19.0
|
18.2
|
96
|
18.9
|
18.1
|
96
|
13
|
15.4
|
10.8
|
70
|
18.9
|
18.0
|
95
|
16.5
|
15.2
|
92
|
14
|
14.4
|
12.2
|
85
|
18.2
|
17.8
|
98
|
17.1
|
16.9
|
99
|
15
|
15.0
|
14.4
|
96
|
19.6
|
18.8
|
96
|
19.1
|
18.9
|
99
|
合计
|
14.4
|
8.6
|
60
|
19.3
|
19.0
|
98
|
17.8
|
14.5
|
82
|
由表4数据可见,光输出效果越差的制品,其光输出随时间推移而劣化也越严重。
对可见光LED做同样的光输出和光劣化对比试验,得到与红外LED一致的结果,
从而验证了以上结论的正确性和普遍性。
2.3 环氧树脂的光选择性能
环氧树脂用做光敏器件封装材料时,其光选择性能的优劣对于制品的质量影响重大。事实上,通过测量制品的光谱曲线,可对树脂的光选择性能有一个定性的了解。图1~图3是对采用3种不同环氧树脂作为封装材料制得的光敏二极管进行测量得到的光谱曲线,由图可见:18C型及10B型树脂对于波长在700~1000nm范围的光均能很好透过,这种材料用于制造对光选择性能要求较高的光敏器件显然是不合适的。而02B型树脂仅对波长在860nm以上的红外光敏感,用这种树脂作为光敏器件的封装材料,可使制品获得卓越的抗干扰性能。采用特殊的光源直射器件表面,并在同样的距离给制品一个相同的红外信号,结果18C型及10B型树脂制品反应迟钝甚至没有反应,而02B型制品反应保持灵敏,几乎不受直射光影响,这与光谱测量得到的结果完全一致。
3 结论
环氧树脂的性能对LED的可靠性、光输出效果以及光敏器件的抗干扰性能等有着重要影响,必须根据使用场合的不同,选取合适的树脂:
14型树脂具有很好的耐高温性能,适应于作业温度比较高(如采用回流炉进行元器件焊接)的场合。但是,该树脂也有它不足之处:除了出光效果稍差以外,其工艺可行性也较差,因其粘度较大,作业过程容易产生气泡,且混合后可使用时间较短;
12型树脂的最大优点是出光效果好,最大缺点是耐高温性能差。如第二种线点用银浆加固,其可靠性可满足一般使用场合要求,φ5类高亮度LED、红外发射管等对光输出效果要求较高的场合,选用12型树脂比较合适,但φ3类LED因为耐高温性能较差,一般不宜使用12型树脂作为封装材料;
虽然02型树脂出光效果最差,耐高温性能也不及14型树脂,但因为其粘度低,工艺可行性好,混合后可使用时间长,耐高温性能可满足一般使用场合要求。因此,对于普通LED,使用02型树脂作为封装材料也是可取的。
光敏器件的抗干扰性能与树脂的光选择能力密切相关,为了获得高品质的光敏器件,使用02B型树脂是一种理想的选择。
图1 02B型树脂光谱 图2 18C型树脂光谱曲线
Fig .1 Spectra of resin of 02B. Fig .2
Spectra of resin of 18C.
The Influence of Epoxy Resin upon LED Performance
Li Xu--feng
( Foshan Optoelectronic Equipment Corp, guangdong foshan 528000,
china )
Abstract : Epoxy resin is one of the
essential materials of LED, which the performance of directly
affects the reliability and output effect of the products. So, in
the process of manufacturing LED epoxy resin should be selected
according to the situations, make sure the product are satisfied
customers' requirements.
1. The influence of epoxy resin upon the
reliability of the products
Use No.02, 12, 14 (with other same material e.g. chips) to package
φ3 water type LEDs. In half of them paste is used in the second
bond position to fix. Carry the soldering heat-resistant trial and
PCB trial on the products (store in high temperature in the
condition of external force). It is proved that No. 14 epoxy resin
is the best choice for improving products reliability.
2. The influence of epoxy resin upon the light output effect of
the products
Use No.02, 12, 14 (with other same material e.g. chips) to package
φ5 water type Infrared LED (each 20 pcs). Test the light power of
some samples. We found considering the light output efficiency, we
should select No. 12 epoxy resin. Test the samples connecting
power supply in low temperature to evaluate the output stability
of the products. It is proved that those products with the worse
output effect, they have the worse light output diminution as time
goes by.
Carry on the same light output and light diminution comparison
tests on visible light LEDs, we have the same conclusion. So, it
can be proved that the conclusion mentioned above is correct and
common.
3. The light selecting performance of epoxy resin
See the spectrum through the tests of three kinds of photodiode
made from different epoxy resins. We found to 18C epoxy resin and
10B epoxy resin, light which the wavelength of is in the range of
700 ~ 1000 nm is easy to pass through. Obviously, this material is
not suitable for manufacturing the opto-devices with high
requirements on light selecting performance. While the 02B epoxy
resin is only sensitive to infrared light which the wavelength of
is over 800nm. Apply this kind of epoxy resin as packing material,
which can make the products have excellent anti-jamming ability.
Use special light source to shine directly on the surface of the
devices, and send a same infrared signal in the same distance, 18C
and 10B epoxy resin have very slow response even has no response.
While 02B products keep much sensitive, hardly affected by direct
shining light. It is consistent with to the result from the
spectrum of tests.
To conclude, the performance of epoxy resin have important effects
on the reliability, the light output effect of the LED and the
anti-jamming ability of the opto-devices. And we should select
suitable epoxy resin according to the situations.
|